A study on tamper resistant software the way of software distribution has been changing with the rapid spread of computer networks such as the internet. 1 introduction an increasing number of large and important systems, from paytv through gsm mobile phones and prepayment gas meters to smartcard electronic wallets, rely to a greater or lesser extent on the tamper resistance properties of. Introduction xilinx has been at the forefront of providing fpga and systemonachip soc at solutions to its customers for many generations. So far, no objective and quantitative method is known for evaluating tamperresistant software. Additionally, tamper and supervision input s must be available on the a intrusion systems reader interface units. Pdf a software radio receiver with direct conversion and. Paul goodman, writer of practical implementation of software metrics, claims that the role of software metrics is to enable engineers and managers to survive in todays business environment 9. Mechanism for software tamper resistance proceedings of. Intel, amd or any other compatible processor with at least 1 ghz cpu speed will guarantee successful work with icecream pdf converter. Antitamper and cryptographic solutions for information. Mobile agent applications have motivated much of the research in code protection overall and our work speci. A tentative approach to constructing tamperresistant software. Tamperresistant monitoring for securing multicore environments ruchika mehresh 1, jairaj j.
Removal of these batteries outside the authorized battery replacement process will trigger a tamper event. The main goal of this paper is to analyze the existing software protection techniques and develop an efficient approach which would overcome the drawbacks of the existing techniques. Copy proof printing often involves a specialized printer and expensive custom preprinted forms. Developing tamperresistant designs with ultrascale and.
Leviton t5325wmp 15 amp 125 volt, tamper resistant, decora duplex receptacle, straight blade, grounding, 10pack, white m22straight, 125 v, 2 pole, 3 wire, 10 pack, 10 piece 4. Design and implementation of automatic defensive websites tamperresistant system jiuyuan huo modern information technology and education center, lanzhou jiaotong university, lanzhou, china email. In this paper, we focus on a particular hardware approach called xom, which stands for execute only memory 14. A tamper resistant approach that detects andor subvertscorrects the tampering actions in real time concurrently with the program execution is desirable.
In this paper, we present and explore a methodology. In this paper, we present and explore a methodology that we believe can protect program integrity in a more tamper resilient and flexible manner. Furthermore, ensure a complemen in the physical access control system to accept and process the tamper signal. In private and authenticated tamper resistant ptr environments,1 an additional requirement is that an adversary should be. Xom embeds cryptographic keys and functionality on the main processor chip to provide an extremely high level of security for applications. Hardwareassisted circumvention of selfhashing software tamper. Hitachis strengths hitachi draws on its experience with establishing security for information systems, such as those. A general software tampering objective is to enable replicating the tampering on other machines. Antitamper software or tamperresistant software is software which makes it harder for an attacker to modify it. Tamper resistant design refers to the process of designing a system architecture and implementation that is resistant to such attacks.
Code modification is the main method for software piracy. Intuitively, we cannot guarantee a piece of software to be fully tamper resistant, but we can fail the execution of tampered software. In an effort to minimize this risk, dod developed an anti tamper policy in 1999, calling for dod components to implement anti tamper techniques for critical technologies. These techniques allow the system to preserve a secured and trusted identity. Upon tamper detection, antihacking code may produce a crash or gradual failure. With this application note, engineers can ensure that they are following at best practices to provide the highest level of protection of their fpga designs. Anti tamper software or tamper resistant software is software which makes it harder for an attacker to modify it. These may be at risk of exploitation when exported, stolen, or lost during combat or routine missions. Pdf enhancing software tamperresistance via stealthy. Finally, it is worth noting that it is possible to use private tamper resistant environments to enable copyprotection of software and media content in a man. Tamper resistant software through intent protection. Upon tamper detection, antihacking code may produce a crash or gradual failure, rendering the application unusable or troublesome.
This paper describes a technology for the construction of tamper resistant software. Fdc2212 data sheet, product information and support. Tamper resistant software is also useful in situations where a portable device containing sensitive software and data may fall into the hands of adversaries, and in preventing viruses from modifying legitimate programs. Iic endpoint security best practices relationship with other iic documents iic. We create a mechanism, where code stored on disk or other media can be made so that it can only be executed, but cannot be read or modi. As for windows xp and vista, 512 mb will be sufficient. The extreme fragility embedded into the program by means of the invention does not cause execution to cease immediately, once it is subjected to tampering. The fdc2x1x is a multichannel family of noise and emi resistant, highresolution, highspeed capacitancetodigital converters for implementing capacitive sensing solutions. Architectural support for copy and tamper resistant software david lie chandramohan thekkath mark mitchell patrick lincoln dan boneh john mitchell mark horowitz computer systems laboratory stanford university stanford ca 94305 abstract. Developing tamper resistant designs with xilinx virtex6. Our recommendation is to have at least 1gb ram for windows 7 and windows 8 for successful work. Delayed and controlled failures in tamperresistant software. Design and implementation of the aegis singlechip secure. Movable elements within the tamper sensor are held in position when the sensor is compressed and define a multibit sensor value.
The total size of the lookup tables is in the order of hundreds of kilobytes. The encoder solution to implementing tamper resistant. The employment of tamper resistant hardware module decreases the usability of strong authentication schemes as end. Tamperresistant software system based on a finite state machine article pdf available in ieice transactions on fundamentals of electronics communications and computer sciences 88a1. A flexible digital receiver was designed and implemented using a multiport direct. This document also provides guidance on various other systemlevel methods that can be used to provide additional tamper resistance. Secure routing with tamper resistant module for mobile ad. The center for education and research in information assurance and security cerias is currently viewed as one of the worlds leading centers for research and education in areas of information security that are crucial to the protection of. In operation, the tamper resistant encoding technique of the invention will work much like a compiler from the users point of view, although the internal operations are very different. Software security, software tampering, tampering attacks, encryption, cryptography.
There are many ways to realize tamperresistant software including the method of making software hard to read. Trs in various implementations has been proposed over the past five years. Apple tries to patent tamperresistant software cnet. The module being protected or the host module can be an application program, a library either statically linked or dynamically loaded. Delayed and controlled failures in tamperresistant software gang tan. Selfvalidating branchbased software watermarking,myles and jin, proc. An approach to the objective and quantitative evaluation of. Software tamper resistance through dynamic program monitoring.
Strong authentication without tamperresistant hardware. The fdc221x is optimized for high resolution, up to 28 bits, while the fdc211x offers fast sample rate, up to. In this paper, we analyze the vulnerabilities of commercial online music streaming services provided by koreas major portal sites dosirak, cyworld, and naver. System implementation and experiments future work 12. Citeseerx document details isaac councill, lee giles, pradeep teregowda. The music industry is rapidly moving from analog to digital, and most of the big portal sites provide commercial online music streaming services. We can thus estimate the e ort of reverseengineering red pike from a tamper resistant hardware implementation by considering the e ort needed to mount a similar attack on rc5 19. Tamper resistant designs with xilinx virtex6 and 7 series fpgas ref 5 provide a good background on the various security threats and solutions for fpgas.
We assume that there is a secure connection between the routing module and the mac layer. New digital initiatives, cloud and iot drive the use. Distributed application tamper detection via continuous. Fdc2214 data sheet, product information and support. Architectural support for copy and tamper resistant software by dr. Trusted distributed computing is another application which is only possible if the remote system is providing a tamper resistant environment.
Jan 11, 2008 the department of defense dod invests billions of dollars on sophisticated weapon systems and technologies. Hong qu modern information technology and education center, lanzhou jiaotong university, lanzhou, china email. With the fdc2x1x innovative emi resistant architecture, performance can be maintained even in presence of highnoise environments. Consequently, developers have employed tamperresistant software trs 5,9,18,19, which involves a variety of program obfuscation and hardening tactics to complicate hacker eavesdropping and. What is needed, in this case, is tamper resistant software 2. Tamper resistance can be enforced using software or hard. Such a response is designed to complicate attacks, but has also caused problems for developers and end users, particularly when bugs or other.
The current cryptographic card uses the tamper respondent technology. The aegis processor architecture for tamperevident and. The tamper resistant software may continue to run after tampering, but no longer performs sensible computation. Theft of service attacks on service providers satellite tv, electronic meters, access cards, software protection dongles access to information information recovery and extraction. The software tamper resistance technique presented in this paper is an application of whitebox cryptography in the sense that the technique makes the correct operation of the whitebox imple. Architectural support for copy and tamper resistant software. It presents a threat model and design principles for countering a defined subset of the threat. Consequently, developers have employed tamper resistant software trs 5,9,18,19, which involves a variety of program obfuscation and hardening tactics to complicate hacker eavesdropping and. Software measurement plays an important role in whole software development activities. Namely, although almost all of conventional software distribution was in binary code form, but now it is becoming more common to circulate software in source code form. Rao, shambhu 2upadhyaya1, sulaksh natarajan1, and kevin kwiat 1department of computer science and engineering, state university of new york at buffalo, ny, usa 2air force research laboratory, rome, ny, usa abstract complex software is not only difficult to secure but. The center for education and research in information assurance and security cerias is currently viewed as one of the worlds leading centers for research and education in areas of information security that are crucial to the protection of critical computing and communication infrastructure.
In this paper, we describe a tamper resistance scheme that was. Figure 1 shows the reference design of using the trm in the linuxbased mobile node 6. The technique interprets the binary of software code as lookup tables, which are next incorporated into the collection of lookup tables of a whitebox implementation. Physical reader security, tamper and supervisor features application note an0112, rev b. Compared to physical and sidechannel attacks, software attacks typically require infrastructure that is substantially cheaper and. This makes the code tamper resistant as the dual interpretation implies that a change in the code results in an unintentional change in the whitebox implementation. Tampering occurs when an attacker makes unauthorized changes to a computer software program such as overcoming password access, copy protection or timeout algorithms.
To support copy and tamperresistant software, we propose a set of processor extensions, which are called xom, pronounced zom, an acronym for executeonly memory. In private and authenticated tamperresistant ptr environments,1 an additional requirement is that an adversary should be unable to obtain any information about software and data within the environment by tampering with, or otherwise observing, system op. The options are mutually exclusive and therefore only one hard or xists at one time. We replace this expensive implementation with a software only prescription solution that injects security technologies into existing print streams to create tamper resistant documents on plain paper.
A deformable tamper sensor and tamper resistant electronic system is operable to detect opening of an enclosure and perform actions responsive to the detection. Common software protection systems attempt to detect malicious observation and modification of protected applications. Tamper resistance and hardware security partii security, computer laboratory, 03 february 2014 attack categories sidechannel attacks techniques that allows the attacker to monitor the analog characteristics of supply and interface connections and any electromagnetic radiation software attacks. Tamper resistance mechanisms for secure embedded systems. We show attacks on commercial online music streaming services that lead to an. In its simplest incarnation, a tamperresistant software module resides in and protects another software module. Tamperresistant software has been studied as techniques to protect algorithm or secret data. Secondfinal phase of the federal medicaid tamper resistant prescription pad requirement the purpose of this bulletin is to inform providers of the secondfinal phase of the federal medicaid requirements regarding the use of tamper resistant prescription pads for all written medicaid prescriptions presented on or after october 1, 2008. The use of softwarebased integrity checks in software tamper. Tamper resistant software through dynamic integrity checking. By implementing this trusted component, the tpm, as a tamper proof ic. Leviton gfwt1w 15 amp selftest smartlockpro slim gfci.
Tamper resistant software through dynamic integrity checking ping wang. Nov 09, 2005 apple tries to patent tamperresistant software as company prepares to shift to intelbased hardware, it files to protect method of securing code to specific hardware. This paper discusses a design methodology suitable for the development of software defined radio platforms. When designing and developing security solutions for sdr software, its performance requirements, such as stringent realtime constraint, need to be considered.
Introduction xilinx has been at the forefront of providing fpga at solutions to their customers for many generations. International workshop on security protocols, 1997. Antitamper technology, on the other hand, protects software that cannot be secured by cryptography by making reverse engineering more difficult. The tamper resistant design addresses ip protection as well as application security. The measures involved can be passive such as obfuscation to make reverse engineering difficult or active tamper detection techniques which aim to make a program malfunction or not operate at all if modified. Starting insight corrupt the programs internal state. This paper addresses one aspect of software tamper resistanceprevention of static analysis of programs. Developing a secure computer system is not only a matter of design and prediction of possible issues and security breaches, it is very important to carefully design a software and make sure to secure as possible the inner implementation by use of some software engineering techniques as the encapsulation which. The present invention relates generally to computer software, and more specifically, to a method and system of making computer software resistant to tampering and reverseengineering. Tamper resistant software encoding cloakware corporation. Anderson, editor, information hiding, pages 317333. Tamper resistant software trs offers a temporal window of protection to software executing on a hostile host. Implementing an untrusted operating system on trusted. Java card facilitates porting of the sim application and operator services onto a wide range of chip architectures, at lower cost.
Software tamper resistance through dynamic program monitoring brian blietz, akhilesh tyagi dept. Prescription solutions on plain paper without costly. Using these two technologies together prevents leaks of both data and software. Tamper resistant software trs trs host tamper module detection tamper response. Design and implementation of automatic defensive websites. The very large maximum input capacitance of 250 nf allows for the use of remote sensors, as well as for tracking environmental changes over time. Tracking down problems at this stage may become impossible. Making software tamper resistant is the challenge for software protection. We also describe a variant implementation assuming an untrusted operating system. We outline approaches that have been proposed to design tamper resistant embedded systems, with examples drawn from recent commercial products.
A method of increasing the tamper resistance and obscurity of computer software source code comprising the steps of. The measures involved can be passive such as obfuscation to make reverse engineering difficult or active tamperdetection techniques which aim to make a program malfunction or not operate at all if modified. Specifying and verifying hardware for tamperresistant software. If the same level of tamper resistance is achieved in software as in device, both a maker and a user of tamper resistant soft. Tamper resistance and hardware security partii security, computer laboratory, 03 february 2014 why do we need hardware security. Us7506177b2 tamper resistant software encoding and analysis.
The paper then presents an architecture and implementation of tamper resistant software based on the principles described. The architecture consists of segment of code, called an integrity verification kernel, which is selfmodifying, selfdecrypting, and installation unique. Our premise is that intelligent tampering attacks require knowledge of the program semantics, and this knowledge may be acquired through static analysis. Pdf vulnerabilities and countermeasures of commercial. Towards better software tamper resistance, jin and myles, proc. Despite being a uniquely powerful solution to the survivability of information in this environment, trs. One process monitor process, mprocess is designed explicitly to monitor. This document also provides guidance on various methods that can be employed to provide additional tamper resistance. All software windows mac palm os linux windows 7 windows 8 windows mobile windows phone ios android windows ce windows server pocket pc blackberry tablets. Horowitz from architectural support for programming languages and operating systems asplosix.
1235 1215 889 46 982 403 148 1061 915 1263 699 679 1083 127 1177 911 71 320 160 358 1151 1590 626 267 1181 1585 601 1135 1004 1512 1570 410 238 1136 1321 1231 716 1265 495 809 207 1036 139 1246 872 1080 453